⎯ intro ⎯
⎯ light and the eye ⎯
light: the spectrum we can see describing light & color variations in natural light
design of the eye the optical eye retina photoreceptor cells photopigment molecules
three plus one light receptors four types of human photopigment measuring photoreceptor light sensitivity five views of the cone fundamentals
photopic & scotopic vision daylight (photopic) sensitivity dim light (scotopic) light sensitivity mesopic light sensitivity
trichromatic mixtures the principle of univariance the cone excitation space the chromaticity plane
constraints on color vision standard assumptions monochromatic vision dichromatic vision trichromatic vision why not 4 or more cones? why 3 badly spaced cones?
colorblindness
⎯ colormaking attributes ⎯
measuring light & color radiometry photometry colorimetry
the spatial geometry of light the nine photometric elements luminous flux luminous intensity the viewing geometry illuminance luminance retinal illuminance
the colormaking attributes brightness/lightness hue hue purity optimal color stimuli
⎯ the geometry of color perception ⎯
newton's hue circle color similarity newton's opticks the hue circle the analysis of white complementary mixtures newton's legacy
hering's opponent processes hering's urfarben hering's opponent processes the opponent functions what are the opponent functions?
from cones to colors a geometrical color standard cone excitation space cone contrast space perceptual opponent space necessary additional transformations
the geometry of colormaking attributes measuring perceptual discrimination luminance discrimination hue discrimination hue purity discrimination color attributes combined
individual differences in color experience
color & language
⎯ basic forms of color ⎯
basic forms of color unrelated vs. related color unrelated color related color self luminous vs. surface color local vs. veiled color plane vs. depth color summary of basic forms of color current terminology and concepts
⎯ synthesis of surface colors ⎯
optimal circuits & analysis colors yellow & cyan circuits green & magenta circuits summary of analysis optimal colors
perceptual landmarks & the optimal circuits a 70 nm optimal circuit additive changes in hue & luminance natural chroma benchmarks what is the perceptual structure for? other visual structure
⎯ adaptation, anchoring & contrast ⎯
luminance adaptation size of the challenge the form of adaptation adaptation mechanisms light & dark adaptation mesopic color appearance
brightness, lightness & anchoring
chromatic adaptation photoreceptor adaptation successive color contrast complementary colors corresponding colors
chromatic induction chromatic contrast chromatic assimilation luminance & color changes color constancy
⎯ additive & subtractive color mixing ⎯
additive color mixing additive mixtures occur in the eye the additive "primary" lights the "white" color theory real lights and true primaries a scientific theory of color vision
subtractive color mixing subtractive mixtures occur in substances the subtractive "primary" colors what is "primary" about subtractive primary colors? ideal subtractive primaries mixing subtractive primaries don't confuse additive & subtractive mixtures partitive mixture
substance uncertainty material colors and visual colors visual color can't predict material mixture substance uncertainty in paints the color is in the mixture
⎯ do "primary" colors exist? ⎯
the ancient primaries the painter's primaries Newtonian color confusions material trichromacy comprehensive color models perceptual trichromacy the trichromatic theory maxwell's trichromatic measurements maxwell's imaginary primaries
colorimetry the metameric foundation grassmann's laws color matching experiments individual differences the white point real color matching functions size of the color stimulus imaginary color matching functions the chromaticity diagram the cie Yxy standard observer
imaginary or imperfect primaries two primary paradoxes three artists' misconceptions
⎯ modern color models ⎯
the evolution of color models color naming color mixture color models color model assumptions
Swedish Natural Color System four components of ncs the ncs color model using and interpreting the ncs
Munsell Color System geometry of the munsell system the munsell renotations the asymmetry of color space the limited gamut of color atlases
OSA uniform color scales rhombohedral lattice the osa uniform color space color space is noneuclidean images of the OSA uniform color scales
CIELUV uniform color space color matching and color differences the cieluv dimensions the uniform color space current use of cieluv
CIELAB uniform color space the cielab dimensions the uniform color space current use of cielab the CIELAB a*b* plane
CIECAM color appearance model the ciecam02 dimensions graphical analysis of ciecam the ciecam color space future prospects the CIECAM acbc plane
⎯ comparison of hue circles ⎯
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