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Vision and color are at the heart of painting. Here is the most comprehensive discussion for artists of color perception, color psychology, "color theory" and color mixing available online, and one of the most comprehensive available anywhere in any format.
light and the eye
light: the spectrum we can see design of the eye three plus one light receptors trichromatic mixtures constraints on color vision (monochromatic, dichromatic & trichromatic vision)
colorblindness
colormaking attributes
measuring light & color the geometry of light the colormaking attributes (brightness/lightness, hue, hue purity) painting saturation & value
hue purity of watercolor paints
the geometry of color perception
newton's hue circle hering's opponent processes from cones to colors the geometry of colormaking attributes individual differences in color experience color & language
basic forms of color
basic forms of color unrelated vs. related color self luminous vs. surface color local vs. veiled color plane vs. depth color summary of basic forms of color
adaptation, anchoring & contrast
basic forms of color luminance adaptation brightness, lightness & anchoring chromatic adaptation chromatic induction luminance & color changes color constancy
additive & subtractive color mixing
additive color mixing (in the eye) subtractive color mixing (in substances) substance uncertainty "theory" vs. experience
do "primary" colors exist?
the ancient primaries the painter's primaries newtonian color confusions material trichromacy comprehensive color models perceptual trichromacy colorimetry imaginary or imperfect primaries
modern color models
the evolution of color models Swedish Natural Color System Munsell Color System OSA uniform color scales CIELUV uniform color space CIELAB uniform color space the CIECAM color appearance model
the CIECAM acbc plane (HTML PDF) the CIELAB a*b* plane (HTML PDF) comparison of hue circles
the structure of vision (i)
the weave of vision center/surround receptive fields image frequency analysis edge & region detection
the structure of vision (ii)
texture & surface analysis depth & volume perception object & scene recognition the visual field
color in the world
the causes of color surfaces & lights surface & shadow color
special material colors physical color changes
tonal value
the dominance of value the value scale hue, lightness and saturation the artist's value wheel grayscales & gamut mapping painting values.
the artist's value wheel (HTML PDF)
color temperature
warm vs. cool colors warm/cool contrast effects the origin of warm/cool the warm/cool contrast in paints unsaturated color zones painting warm or cool
color wheels
creating a color wheel "primary" color wheel secondary color wheel tertiary color wheel more is less? a gamut comparison color names
mixing with a color wheel
saturation costs the color wheel fallacy basic mixing method split "primary" palette (dogma & critique) unequal color spacing
basic mixing method
testing the color wheel
testing the mixing method mixtures between two "primary" colors mixtures among all tertiary colors
an artist's color wheel
visual vs. mixing complements the artist's color wheel tour of the color wheel why the difference? making your own color wheel
the artist's color wheel CIECAM version (HTML PDF) CIELAB version (HTML PDF) watercolor mixing complements
toward a modern color theory
the research cleansing words & deeds artists mix paints, not colors those pesky "primary" colors color harmony & design the dungeon of "color theory" institutional failures artist resistance teach yourself to see
an intuitive color study
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